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(No Model.)

E. PHREANER.

MOTOR. Y No. 249,984. Patented Nov. 22,1881.

U/ITJV'ESSES a By his .Attorneys MMM www Nrrn STATES PATENT ritten@ EDWARD PHREANER, OF PHILADELPHIA, PA., ASSIGNOR TO THE S. AS. WHITE DENTAL MANUFACTURING COMPANY, OF SAME PLACE.

MOTOR.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 249,984, dated November 22, 1881.

Application filed August 11, 1881. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, EDWARD IHREANER, of the city and county of Philadelphia, in the State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Motors, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to certain improvements in water-motors for driving light machinery-such ,forinstan ce, as dental engineswhich do not need much power, but necessarily require for their operating tools a very high rate of speed for boring, drilling, cutting, or working upon the tooth-substance.

The object ot my invention is to provide a superiorand effective oscillating water-motor for light machinery, which may be connected to the ordinary service-pipes or hydrant-nozzle leading from a street-main and be operated by the force of the column of water passing through such pipes or nozzle when a controlling cock or valve is opened for the llow ofthe current, and it consists in certain new constructions and combinations of parts or devices, which are recited at the close of this specification.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure l is a vertical central section through the apparatus on the line l l of Fig. 2, showing so much of the motor organized for driving a dental engine as is necessary to an understanding of my improvements. Fig. 2 is a transverse section therethrough on the line 2 2 of Fig. I. Fig. 3 is a view of the at face of the oscillating cylinder of the motor, showing the horizontal or lateral ports or openings therein. Fig. 4 is a view of the plate, having recesses or chambers and vertical wedge-shaped or tapering ports or openings,fitted to the flat face of said motor-cylinder and secured thereto so as to oscillate therewith, as shown in Fig. 5; and Fig. 5 is aface View of the parts shown in Figs. 3 and 4 joined or secured together. Fig. 6 is a view of the stationary plate secured to the motor casing and having vertical wedgeshaped ports and recesses or chambers therein, to govern the admission of water to the motorcylinder during its oscillation, and also provided with exhaust ports or openings; and Figs. 7 and 8 show different views of said sta- 5o tionary plate and oscillating parts of the inotor fitted together for operation.

The motor-casing A is a closed metallic one, having a front plate, a, of glass, preferably, so as to permit of the ready inspection of the inclosed portions ot' the motor while at work. The casing is mounted or secured upon any desirable or convenient support.

At or a little below the center of the casing, preferably, is hung the motor-cylinder B, so that it may oscillate upon trunnions or journals a a within the casing, as shown in Figs. l and 2. Said cylinder is preferably hung within its casing by two adjustable screw-journals or shafts projecting from the inner sides of the casing and having their inner ends coneshaped or tapering tofit corresponding bearings or socket b in the sides ofthe cylinder, whereby said cylinder may be accurately centered and any wear of the journals or bearings readily compensated for or taken up by adjustment. The cylinder B is preferably stopped at its lower end by a screw-plug, B', so that by removing said plug the interior of the cylinder may be readily reached for cleansing, fitting of the piston, or for other purposes. A piston, C, is nicely fitted in said cylinder, so as to work up and down therein, the upper face or end of said piston receiving or being firmly connected to the lower end of the piston-rod O', which fits nicely in the box at the upper end of said cylinder and passes therethrough,

its upper end being connected to the crankpin d of a shaft, D, which is tted to rotate in suitable bearings. Said shaft D in a dental engine carries a comparatively large driving wheel or pulley, from which passes a belt connection or gearing to drive the operating tools through the medium of a light flexible drivingshaft, which permits the tools to be turned in `various directions to do their work without interfering with their rapid rotary motion.

I have deemed it to be unnecessary to show the operative parts or upper works of a dental engine, as they constitute no part of my present invention. Nor is it necessary to show or recite other light machines which may be driven by my improved motor.

The motor-cylinder B is oscillated upon its journals by the rcciprocation of the piston C, which rotates the shaft D. The piston is reciprocated by the vpressure of the water-column, which is admitted to the cylinder alter- .lOO

nately above andbkelow said piston by the openings of the ports which control the entrance of the fluid.

Near the top and bottom of the cylinder, in its at face, next the water supply or inlet pipe, are formed two horizontal transverse or lateral ports or openings, b b. A plate, E, is fitted water-tight to said iat face of the cylinder, and is secured thereto by screws, for instance,

as shown in Fig. 5, so as to oscillate with the cylinder. In the face of said plate E, next to the iiat face of the cylinder B, are formed enlarged recesses e e, one over each horizontal port b of said cylinder, whereby chambers are formed to permit the spread of the water and its free distribution through the horizontal or transverse ports of the cylinder, to act forcibly upon the piston after the passage of the water through narrow vertical wedge-shaped or tapering ports e c formed in said plate E. These wed ge-shaped ports c e' have their widest ends at the upper and lower ends of the plate, or at the outer sweep of the cylinder when oscillated.

The front flat face of the plate E is fitted water-tight against the rear face of a plate, F, fastened in a permanent manner by screws, for example, to the side of the motor-casing A. The front face of said plate F, next to the side ot' the motor-casing, is provided with recesses or chambersff, and these chambers communicate with inclined wed ge-shapedports or openings f j7 in said plate, which correspond to the wedge-shaped ports c e in the plate E of cylinder B. The said wedge-shaped ports j" j" of the plate F are inclined, it will be seen, instead of being exactly vertical, so that whenever one of the vertical ports ofthe plate E is open or inline with one of the ports in the plate F during the oscillation of the cylinder the other vertical port of said plate E will be cut off from the water-supply by being carried away from the opposite port ofthe plate F. (See Fig. 7.) In being shut oft' from the duid supply, however, the port in the plate E is carried opposite the exhaust opening or'recess fZ in the back of the plate F, and consequently the exhaust of the spent Huid is permitted from the end ofthe cylinder opposite to that receiving the impact of the fluid-column to move the piston.

rIlhe recesses or chambers ff of the plate F are directly opposite two feed-openin gs, t2 u?, in the side of the casing A, leading from the inlet or supply pipe G, and the water enters said chambers to pass alternately through the upper and lower wedge-shaped ports of the motor to the cylinder as said ports are alternately opened, in crder to reciprocate the piston, rotate the shaft D, oscillate the motorcylinder, and drive the machine to be operated 'from said shaft. Said inlet or supply pipe Gr is connected with the ordinary service-pipes or with a hydran t-nozzle of the usual street-main, the pressure of water from such a main being suicient to oscillate the motor and drive the machine.

A suitable stop-cock or controlling-valve is applied to the inlet-pipe to turn on or shut o' the low of water, as desired.

The operation of the machine is as follows: Suppose the piston in the cylinder to stand in the position shown in Fig. 1, which is the extreme limit ofits upward movement. The upper wed ge-sh aped port ofthe plate E has been closed against the fluid-supply, vand the exhaust has taken place through said port and the exhaustrecess f2 in the back ofthe plate F. As soon as the piston has reached the upper limit of its movement the rotation of the shaftD and of its crank-pin d has so far progressed as to have turned the cylinder on its journals, so as to open the upper port of the plate E to the fluid-supply, while closing the lower port of said plate to said supply, and the exhaust now takes place through said lower port and the exhaust-recess f2, opposite which recess the lower port of the plate E has been brought by the oscillation of the cylinder. The piston is now forced down by the water to its lowest position in the cylinder, completing the rotation of the shaft, and this reciprocation of the piston is continued as long` as the water is supplied to the motor in order to drive the machine.

It will be seen from the organization of my improved motor that the vertical wed ge-shaped ports open very quickly, with but little oscillation of the cylinder, and as large as the horizontal or transverse ports of the cylinder, whereby I get the full force of the finiti-column in the shape of quick blows upon the piston. The exhaust takes place at the opposite end of the cylinder from that at'which the water enters to move the piston without affording such resistance as to detract from the effectiveness of the motor. The exhausted or spent duid escapes first into the casing, and from thence it passes away into the drain or sewer through the comparatively large escape or waste pipe II leading from an opening in the bottom of the casing.

The escape-pipe H affords an excellent means of mouutin g the motor. Said pipe may be inserted, for instance, in a hollow upright standard, so that the motor may have the capacity of turning upon said standard.

I claim as my invention- IOO IOS

IIO

1. The combination, substantially as herein- IZO cylinder having the horizontal ports therein,

the piston, the shaft with which said piston is connected, the supply-pipe, the recessed plates between said supply-pipe and cylinder having wedge-shaped or tapering ports therein, and the escape-pipe for the spent or exhausted fluid.

3. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of the oscillating cylinder l In testimony whereof I have hereunto suhhavingthehorizontal or transverse ports therescribed my name this 3d day of August7 A D. in, and the plate fastened to said cylinder so 1881.

as to osoillate with it, having recesses commu- EDW. PHREANER. 5 nioating with said horizontal ports of the oyl- Witnesses:

inder, and vertical ports communicating with ISAAC C. KENNEDY,

said recesses. ALBERT W. KING. 

